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This differential, which had not been scientifically investigated until recently, has a large effect on the rate of ice melting and the extent of ice cover. [1] Melt ponds can melt through to the ocean's surface. [2] Seawater entering the pond increases the melt rate because the salty water of the ocean is warmer than the fresh water of the ...
Meltwater (or melt water) is water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. Meltwater is often found during early spring when snow packs and frozen rivers melt with rising temperatures, and in the ablation zone of glaciers where the rate of snow cover is reducing.
The presence of melt ponds is affected by the permeability of the sea ice (i.e. whether meltwater can drain) and the topography of the sea ice surface (i.e. the presence of natural basins for the melt ponds to form in). First year ice is flatter than multiyear ice due to the lack of dynamic ridging, so ponds tend to have greater area.
1. A globe highlighting melting ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic. 2. A representation of meltwater trapping warm ocean water. 3. A globe showing polar regions cooling and equatorial areas ...
While first-year ridges melt approximately 4 times faster than surrounding level ice, [13] second-year ridges melt only 1.6 times faster than surrounding level ice. [11] Sea-ice ridges also play an important role in confining meltwater within under-ice meltwater layers, which may lead to the formation of false bottoms. [14]
Just like glaciers have carved the land, leaving behind features like valleys and boulder fields, geologists have suspected that ice shelves along the ocean could do the same to the seafloor.
The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (after Alfred Wegener, Tor Bergeron, and Walter Findeisen []), (or "cold-rain process") is a process of ice crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between the saturation vapor pressure over water and the lower saturation vapor pressure over ice.
In the summer, glacial streams experience high stream flow because of ice melt. [8] The high flow is characterized by high turbidity and sediment transport, which reduces the biomass of the resident periphyton. [8] At the end of summer, ice melt is reduced and stream flow decreases, causing an increase in the periphyton population. [8]