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A goitre, or goiter, ... Paracelsus (1493–1541) was the first person to propose a relationship between goitre and minerals (particularly lead) in drinking water. [30]
The proportion of people affected varied markedly throughout southern Europe and even within very small areas; it might be common in one valley and not another. The number of severely affected persons was always a minority, and most persons were only affected to the extent of having a goitre and some degree of reduced cognition and growth.
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet.It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
In the United States, autoimmune inflammation is the most common form of thyroid disease while worldwide hypothyroidism and goiter due to dietary iodine deficiency is the most common. [35] [4] According to the American Thyroid Association in 2015, approximately 20 million people in the United States alone are affected by thyroid disease.
The absolute indications are a large goiter (especially when compressing the trachea), suspicious nodules or suspected cancer (to pathologically examine the thyroid), and people with ophthalmopathy and additionally if it is the person's preferred method of treatment or if refusing to undergo radioactive iodine treatment. Pregnancy is advised to ...
Goiter (swollen thyroid gland) ... According to the Arthritis Foundation, about 1 to 3 percent of people who take methotrexate and 10 percent of people who take leflunomide experience hair loss ...
Surgery is rarely required to treat the goiter. [6] Hashimoto's thyroiditis has a global prevalence of 7.5%, and varies greatly by region. [9] The highest rate is in Africa, and the lowest in Asia. [9] In the US white people are affected more often than black. It is more common in low to middle income groups.
The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves' ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body.