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Crime mapping is used by analysts in law enforcement agencies to map, visualize, and analyze crime incident patterns. It is a key component of crime analysis and the CompStat policing strategy. Mapping crime, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), allows crime analysts to identify crime hot spots , along with other trends and patterns.
Crime analysis is a law enforcement function that involves systematic analysis for identifying and analyzing patterns and trends in crime and disorder. Information on patterns can help law enforcement agencies deploy resources in a more effective manner, and assist detectives in identifying and apprehending suspects .
CrimeView connects to an agency's existing crime records or reporting system and automatically converts tabular data into locations on a map. Many police departments use CrimeView as part of their CompStat process and Watch Commanders utilize the software in order to help determine the placement of officers in the field.
The following section will examine criticisms in the area of spatial analysis and the crime mapping of hotspots in a broad sense. Ratcliffe (2002) describes potential risks and problems that arise with the use of spatial analysis and crime mapping. Further, the impact of poverty, racism, are not included into crime mapping leading to this ...
While the use of spatial analysis methods in police investigations goes back many years (e.g. detectives gathered around a large city map with pins stuck in it), the formalized process known today as geographic profiling originated out of research conducted at Simon Fraser University's School of Criminology in British Columbia, Canada, in 1989.
Imagine a map with an overlaying grid of little squares named sectors. If this map is a raster image file on a computer, these sectors are pixels. A sector S i , j {\displaystyle S_{i,j}} is the square on row i and column j , located at coordinates ( X i , Y j ) {\displaystyle (X_{i},Y_{j})} .
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a forensic discipline focused on analyzing bloodstains left at known, or suspected crime scenes through visual pattern recognition and physics-based assessments. This is done with the purpose of drawing inferences about the nature, timing and other details of the crime. [ 1 ]
It is through this method of crime analysis that areas with greater rates of victimization within a law enforcement's jurisdiction can receive greater amounts of attention and therefore problem solving efforts. The crime analyst can utilize one of the various spatial analytical techniques for spotting the crime concentration areas. After the ...