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India harbours nearly 11% of the world's floral diversity comprising over 17500 documented flowering plants, 6200 endemic species, 7500 medicinal plants and 246 globally threatened species in only 2.4% of world's land area. [2] India is also home to four biodiversity hotspots—Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Eastern Himalaya, Indo-Burma region, and ...
Freshwater ecoregions of the world have been defined [3] as "a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ...
Biosphere reserves of India [7] Year Name Location State Type Key fauna Area (km 2) 1 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Part of Waynad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Mudumalai, Nilambur, Silent Valley: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala: Western Ghats: Nilgiri tahr, tiger, lion-tailed macaque: 5520 2 1988: Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
Government of India established a system of national parks and protected areas in 1935, which have been subsequently expanded to nearly 1022 protected areas by 2023. India has enacted the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and special projects such as Project Tiger , Project Elephant and Project Dolphin for protection of critical species.
Biodiversity Heritage Sites are notified areas of biodiversity importance in India. The Indian State Government can notify the Biodiversity Heritage Sites in consultation with local governing bodies under Section 37 of Biological Diversity Act of 2002. These areas are considered unique and fragile ecosystems.
Tiger reserves consist of areas under national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are 53 tiger reserves in India. [1] As of January 2023, the protected areas of India cover 173,629.52 square kilometres (67,038.73 sq mi), roughly 5.28% of the total geographical area of the country. [2]
As of 2010, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates India's forest cover to be about 68 million hectares, or 22% of the country's area [4] [5] The 2013 Forest Survey of India states its forest cover increased to 69.8 million hectares by 2012, per satellite measurements; this represents an increase of 5,871 square ...
With 23.39% of its geographical area under forest and tree cover, India is rich in biodiversity. A 2020 faunal survey of India by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) reported a total of 102,718 species of fauna, with 557 new species including 407 newly described species and 150 new country records. Among the new finds, 486 species were ...