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Augustin-Jean Fresnel [Note 1] (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s [3] until the end of the 19th century.
The Huygens–Fresnel principle (named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel) states that every point on a wavefront is itself the source of spherical wavelets, and the secondary wavelets emanating from different points mutually interfere. [1] The sum of these spherical wavelets forms a new wavefront.
As a young man, Fresnel studied sciences, literature, and languages, and translated a few works by Berzelius, stories by German novelist Johann Ludwig Tieck (1773–1853) and fragments of a Chinese novel (Fragments chinois, 1822–23).
The Fresnel–Arago laws are three laws which summarise some of the more important properties of interference between light of different states of polarization. Augustin-Jean Fresnel and François Arago , both discovered the laws, which bear their name.
They were deduced by French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (/ f r eɪ ˈ n ɛ l /) who was the first to understand that light is a transverse wave, when no one realized that the waves were electric and magnetic fields.
The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822. [1] See polarization and plane of polarization for more information. The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector. [2]
Fresnel, named for the 18th-century physicist Augustin Fresnel, was ordered on 26 August 1905 from the Arsenal de Rochefort. [6] The submarine was laid down in 1906, [7] launched on 16 June 1908 and commissioned on 22 February 1911.
Augustin Fresnel invented a superior way of focusing light in the early 1850s and most lighthouses in the U.S. was converted to the Fresnel Lens, with Pemaquid Point receiving a fourth order Fresnel in 1856. The lens is one of only six Fresnel lenses still in service in Maine. [4] The keeper's house was built in 1857.