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Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax [1] [2] outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp [1] in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. [3]
Phormium is a genus of two plant species in the family Asphodelaceae.One species is endemic to New Zealand and the other is native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island. [1] The two species are widely known in New Zealand as flax or their Māori names wharariki and harakeke respectively, and elsewhere as New Zealand flax or flax lily, but they are not closely related to the Northern Hemisphere's ...
Dianella is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the monocot family Asphodelaceae, commonly known as flax lilies. [2] Plants in this genus are tufted herbs with more or less linear leaves and bisexual flowers with three sepals more or less similar to three petals and a superior ovary , the fruit a berry .
Phormium colensoi (syn. Phormium cookianum – see below), also called mountain flax, or wharariki in Māori, is a perennial plant that is endemic to New Zealand. [5] The greenish, yellow or orange flowers are followed by twisted seed pods. [5] It is less common than the other Phormium species, P. tenax or harakeke.
Thus, by the early 19th century, the quality of rope materials made from New Zealand flax was known internationally, [11] as was the quality of New Zealand trees which were used for spars and masts. The Royal Navy was one of the largest customers. The flax trade burgeoned, especially after male Māori recognised the advantages of trade and ...
Dianella revoluta is a tufted, perennial herb with stems less than 15 cm (5.9 in) long and touching or up to 30 cm (12 in) apart. The leaves are folded lengthwise and grass-like, 15–85 cm (5.9–33.5 in) long and 3–23 mm (0.12–0.91 in) wide.
Dianella tasmanica is a strappy herbaceous plant which grows to 0.5–2 metres (1–7 ft) high and wide, with a thick spreading rhizome under the ground. The green linear keeled leaves have finely toothed margins, and may reach 1 m (40 in) in length and 1.5–4 cm wide.
The flora of the Falkland Islands comprises 178 native species (marked * in the list below), 219 non-native species ('†') and 6 of uncertain status. [1] Thirteen species (marked in bold) are endemic to the islands, and two – Gamochaeta malvinensis and Polystichum mohrioides – are near-endemics, being also found on other nearby islands.