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Studies indicating that fish can feel pain were confusing nociception with feeling pain, says Rose. "Pain is predicated on awareness. The key issue is the distinction between nociception and pain. A person who is anaesthetised in an operating theatre will still respond physically to an external stimulus, but he or she will not feel pain."
University of Leicester Fish Biology and Fisheries Professor Paul Hart agreed with Zangroniz and added that for the European Union and the United Kingdom, asserting that fish can feel pain comes ...
Sometimes a distinction is made between "physical pain" and "emotional" or "psychological pain". Emotional pain is the pain experienced in the absence of physical trauma, e.g. the pain experienced by humans after the loss of a loved one, or the break-up of a relationship. It has been argued that only primates, including humans, can feel ...
A Galapagos shark hooked by a fishing boat. Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. [1] " Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."
Pain is therefore a private, emotional experience. Pain cannot be directly measured in other animals , including other humans; responses to putatively painful stimuli can be measured, but not the experience itself.
Where men might emphasize physical symptoms of a concussion (like headaches, neck pain, and nausea), women often see more cognitive and emotional ones like visual disturbances, difficulty ...
Rose had published a study a year earlier arguing that fish cannot feel pain because their brains lack a neocortex. [38] However, animal behaviorist Temple Grandin argues that fish could still have consciousness without a neocortex because "different species can use different brain structures and systems to handle the same functions."
So emotional distress can cause a distressed gut AND, strangely enough, a distressed gut can also cause emotional distress. It's a two way street. It's a two way street.