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[2] [3] The amount of taxine alkaloids depends on the species of yew, with Taxus baccata and Taxus cuspidata containing the most. [4] The major taxine alkaloids are taxine A and taxine B although there are at least 10 different alkaloids. [5] Until 1956, it was believed that all the taxine alkaloids were one single compound named taxine. [4]
Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia. [4] It is the tree originally known as yew , though with other related trees becoming known, it may be referred to as common yew , [ 5 ] European yew ...
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs.The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked.They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
They are relatively slow-growing and can be very long-lived, and reach heights of 2.5–20 m (8.2–65.6 ft), with trunk girth averaging 5 m (16 ft). [4] They have reddish bark , lanceolate, flat, dark-green leaves 10–40 mm ( 1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 2–3 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 – 1 ⁄ 8 in) broad, arranged spirally on the stem, but ...
Yews are capable of living for several thousands of years; [2] the Ashbrittle Yew itself is believed to be over 3,000 years old, but defining its precise age is difficult due to its hollow centre. [3] The tree is formed of a hollow central trunk surrounded by six narrower boles. [4] In 2015 its measured diameter was 39'11". [5]
The Llangernyw Yew (pronounced [ɬanˈɡɛrnɨu] ⓘ) is an ancient yew (Taxus baccata) in the village of Llangernyw, Conwy, Wales. The tree is fragmented and its core part has been lost, leaving several enormous offshoots. The girth of the tree at the ground level is 10.75 m (35.3 ft). [1]
The Western Caucasus also contains the Caucasus Nature Reserve (IUCN management category Ia [2]) set up by the Soviet government in Krasnodar Krai, Adygea and Karachay–Cherkessia in 1924 to preserve some 85 m-high specimens of the Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana), thought to be the tallest trees in Europe, and a unique forest formed by English yew (Taxus baccata) and European box (Buxus ...
Cephalotaxus species produce cephalotaxine, an alkaloid.Parry et al 1980 provides evidence that cephalotaxine is a phenylethylisoquinoline.However, they also find this genus to be unable to incorporate cinnamic acid into cephalotaxine, and incorporation of cinnamic acid is usually a step in phenylethylisoquinoline syntheses, throwing the phenylethylisoquinoline theory in to question.