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Investors can use homemade leverage to change an unleveraged firm into a leveraged firm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to the Corporate Finance Institute , "the founding philosophy of homemade leverage is the Modigliani–Miller theorem , which assumes an efficient market and the absence of corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs."
In finance, leverage, also known as gearing, is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy an investment.. Financial leverage is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the smaller amounts of money needed for borrowing into large amounts of profit.
Such recapitalizations are executed via issuing bonds to raise money and using the proceeds to buy the company's stock or to pay dividends. Such a maneuver is called a leveraged buyout when initiated by an outside party, or a leveraged recapitalization when initiated by the company itself for internal reasons.
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Kinh te Viet Nam – Thang tram va Dot pha. Hanoi: NXB Chinh Tri Quoc Gia, 2009. Sakata, Shozo (2013). Vietnam's Economic Entities in Transition. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-45205-7. Vincent Edwards and Anh Phan (2014) Managers and Management in Vietnam. 25 Years of Economic Renovation (Doi moi). Routledge. ISBN 9781138816657; Võ, Nhân Trí (1990).
In 2003, Vietnam produced an estimated 30.7 million cubic meters of wood. Production of sawn wood was a more modest 2,950 cubic meters. In 1992, in response to dwindling forests, Vietnam imposed a ban on the export of logs and raw timber. In 1997, the ban was extended to all timber products except wooden artifacts.
Partial leverage (PL) is a measure of the contribution of the individual independent variables to the total leverage of each observation. That is, PL is a measure of how h i i {\displaystyle h_{ii}} changes as a variable is added to the regression model.
Phạm Nhật Vượng (born 5 August 1968) [3] is a Vietnamese property developer and Vietnam's first USD billionaire. [4] He is the founder and chairman of Vingroup, the largest conglomerate in Vietnam. As of November 2024, Vượng has a net worth of $4.2 billion according to Forbes. [5]