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  2. Principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle

    In law, higher order, overarching principles establish rules to be followed, modified by sentencing guidelines relating to context and proportionality. In science and nature, a principle may define the essential characteristics of the system, or reflect the system's designed purpose.

  3. Anthropic principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle

    In cosmology, the anthropic principle, also known as the observation selection effect, is the proposition that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations are only possible in the type of universe that is capable of developing observers in the first place.

  4. First principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_principle

    In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. First principles in philosophy are from first cause [ 1 ] attitudes and taught by Aristotelians , and nuanced versions of first principles are referred to as postulates by Kantians .

  5. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements. It is also known as the principle of parsimony or the law of parsimony (Latin: lex parsimoniae).

  6. Precautionary principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precautionary_principle

    The principle has become an underlying rationale for a large and increasing number of international treaties and declarations in the fields of sustainable development, environmental protection, health, trade, and food safety, [8] although at times it has attracted debate over how to accurately define it and apply it to complex scenarios with ...

  7. Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

    Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, 1927. The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. In other words, the ...

  8. Superposition principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle

    The superposition principle, [1] also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually.

  9. Subsidiarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiarity

    Subsidiarity is a principle of social organization that holds that social and political issues should be dealt with at the most immediate or local level that is consistent with their resolution.