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Hill's cipher machine, from figure 4 of the patent. In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra.Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, it was the first polygraphic cipher in which it was practical (though barely) to operate on more than three symbols at once.
where U is the unicity distance, H(k) is the entropy of the key space (e.g. 128 for 2 128 equiprobable keys, rather less if the key is a memorized pass-phrase). D is defined as the plaintext redundancy in bits per character. Now an alphabet of 32 characters can carry 5 bits of information per character (as 32 = 2 5).
DES has a key schedule in which the 56-bit key is divided into two 28-bit halves; each half is thereafter treated separately. In successive rounds, both halves are rotated left by one or two bits (specified for each round), and then 48 round key bits are selected by Permuted Choice 2 (PC-2) – 24 bits from the left half and 24 from the right ...
CCM mode (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality .
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32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation Fast-Hash [3] 32 or 64 bits xorshift operations SpookyHash 32, 64, or 128 bits see Jenkins hash function: CityHash [4] 32, 64, 128, or 256 bits FarmHash [5] 32, 64 or 128 bits MetroHash [6] 64 or 128 bits numeric hash (nhash) [7] variable division/modulo xxHash [8] 32 ...
In public key cryptography, padding is the process of preparing a message for encryption or signing using a specification or scheme such as PKCS#1 v2.2, OAEP, PSS, PSSR, IEEE P1363 EMSA2 and EMSA5. A modern form of padding for asymmetric primitives is OAEP applied to the RSA algorithm , when it is used to encrypt a limited number of bytes.
Lester S. Hill (1891–1961) was an American mathematician and educator who was interested in applications of mathematics to communications.He received a bachelor's degree (1911) and a master's degree (1913) from Columbia College and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1926).