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The Regalia of the Pharaoh or Pharaoh's attributes are the symbolic objects of royalty in ancient Egypt (crowns, headdresses, scepters). In use between 3150 and 30 BC, these attributes were specific to pharaohs , but also to certain gods such as Atum , Ra , Osiris and Horus .
The earliest known example of a crook is from the Gerzeh culture (Naqada II), and comes from tomb U547 in Abydos [citation needed]. By late Predynastic times, the shepherd's crook was already an established symbol of rule. The flail initially remained separate, being depicted alone in some earliest representations of royal ceremonial.
Nefertiti bust, from the 18th dynasty, New kingdom Egyptian death mask from the 18th dynasty. Louvre, Paris portrait of Meritamun, 19th dynasty of Egypt. Portraiture in ancient Egypt forms a conceptual attempt to portray "the subject from its own perspective rather than the viewpoint of the artist ... to communicate essential information about the object itself". [1]
The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent , a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms.
The so-called "Hyksos sphinxes" or "Tanite sphinxes" are a group of royal sphinxes depicting the earlier Pharaoh Amenemhat III (Twelfth Dynasty) with some unusual traits compared to conventional statuary, for example prominent cheekbones and the thick mane of a lion, instead of the traditional nemes headcloth. The name "Hyksos sphinxes" was ...
Pharaoh – an article about the history of the title "Pharaoh" with descriptions of the regalia, crowns and titles used. List of pharaohs – this article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BCE through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty; Coronation of the pharaoh. Crowns of Egypt
Along with items that have been carried by monarchs for centuries, Queen Elizabeth II's coffin was also topped with a special message from her son, King Charles III.
The earliest known mention of the khepresh is on the stela Cairo JE 59635 [CG 20799] which dates to the reign of pharaoh Neferhotep III, during the Second Intermediate Period. [4] In this and other examples from the same era, the word is written with a determinative that represents the cap crown, a lower and less elaborate type of crown.