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Nitrile ylides also known as nitrilium ylides or nitrilium methylides, are generally reactive intermediates [1] formally consisting of a carbanion of an alkyl or similar group bonded to the nitrogen atom of a cyanide unit. With a few exceptions, they cannot be isolated.
A phosphonium ylide can be prepared rather straightforwardly. Typically, triphenylphosphine is allowed to react with an alkyl halide in a mechanism analogous to that of an S N 2 reaction. This quaternization forms an alkyltriphenylphosphonium salt, which can be isolated or treated in situ with a strong base (in this case, butyllithium) to form ...
In organic chemistry, a 1,3-dipolar compound or 1,3-dipole is a dipolar compound with delocalized electrons and a separation of charge over three atoms.They are reactants in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
The following apply for the nuclear reaction: a + b ↔ R → c in the centre of mass frame , where a and b are the initial species about to collide, c is the final species, and R is the resonant state .
The Hammett equation predicts the equilibrium constant or reaction rate of a reaction from a substituent constant and a reaction type constant. The Edwards equation relates the nucleophilic power to polarisability and basicity. The Marcus equation is an example of a quadratic free-energy relationship (QFER). [citation needed]
The Wittig reaction or Wittig olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide called a Wittig reagent. Wittig reactions are most commonly used to convert aldehydes and ketones to alkenes.
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
The structure of a nitrile: the functional group is highlighted blue. In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH 3 CH 2 C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). [1]