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Khoa, khoya, khowa or mawa [1] is a dairy food widely used in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Punjab, and Pakistan. It is made of either dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating in an open iron pan. It is lower in moisture than typical fresh cheeses such as ricotta. [2]
A variety of dairy products are commonly found in India and an important part of Indian cuisine, some of which are native to India and others which are found in Bangladesh or more widely through South Asia. The majority of these products can be broadly classified into curdled products, like chhena, or non-curdled products, like khoa.
Nearly half of the milk produced in India comes from water buffaloes, as opposed to cows; [39] [41] previously, water buffalo produced the majority of milk in India. [66] As of 2019, buffaloes produced 91.82 million tonnes of milk. [40] Goat milk is the third-most produced variety of milk, [57] with a contribution of 4% as of 2017–18. [39]
Milk products and production relationships. Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or containing) milk. [1] The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, nanny goat, and ewe. Dairy products include common grocery store food around the world such as yogurt, cheese, milk and butter.
Anand Milk Union Limited commonly known as Amul is an Indian dairy brand owned by the cooperative society, Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), based in Anand, Gujarat. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] GCMMF is controlled by 3.6 million milk producers.
Milky Mist Dairy (MMD) is an Indian manufacturer of dairy products, based in Perundurai, Tamil Nadu. Formed in 1997 by T. Sathish Kumar, Milky Mist is engaged in milk procurement, processing, and manufacturing of other dairy products. [3] [4] [5] Milky Mist's products include frozen food, dairy, desserts, food enhancers and yogurts. [6]
Double-toned milk is a similar product, where the fat content of the milk is reduced to 1.5% and the non-fat solids content increased to 9%. This product is produced by UNICEF for free distribution to homeless youth and low-income families in India. [2] Unlike single toned milk, double-toned milk is always pasteurized. [3]
Whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed, lactose-free, and flavored (usually in small packages) milk is available. Milk is sold fresh or UHT. Goat's milk is also available in small amounts. UHT semi-skimmed milk is the most sold, but cafés use almost exclusively fresh whole milk. Japan Commonly sold in 1-liter waxed paperboard cartons.