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Gestational choriocarcinoma is a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), that can occur during pregnancy. It is a rare disease where the trophoblast , a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst , undergoes abnormal developments, leading to trophoblastic tumors .
Since gestational choriocarcinoma (which arises from a hydatidiform mole) contains paternal DNA (and thus paternal antigens), it is exquisitely sensitive to chemotherapy. The cure rate, even for metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma, is more than 90% when using chemotherapy for invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. [7]
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. [1] These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy.
The choriocarcinoma has 2 significant subtypes including gestational and non-gestational and they are differentiated by their different biological feature and prognosis. [4] Signs and symptoms of GTN will appear vary from person to person and depending upon the type of the disease.
A placental site trophoblastic tumor is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which is thought to arise from the intermediate trophoblast. [1] The tumor may secrete human placental lactogen, [2] and result in a false-positive pregnancy test. [3]
Theca lutein cysts are associated with gestational trophoblastic disease (molar pregnancy), choriocarcinomas, and multiple gestations. [4] [5] In some cases, these cysts may also be associated with diabetes mellitus and alloimmunisation to Rh-D. They have rarely been associated with chronic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism. [6]
Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein composed of 237 amino acids with a molecular mass of 36.7 kDa, approximately 14.5kDa αhCG and 22.2kDa βhCG. [4]It is heterodimeric, with an α (alpha) subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a β (beta) subunit that is unique to hCG.
gestational uterine corpus choriocarcinoma: Human disease mediastinum choriocarcinoma: Human disease vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells: Human disease gastric choriocarcinoma: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cellular ...