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A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
In catalytic converters used on automobiles, the combustion of leaded gasoline produces elemental lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(II) chloride, and lead(II) bromide. Lead alloys with the metals present in the catalyst, while lead oxides and halides coat the catalyst's surfaces, reducing the converter's ability to reduce NOx emissions.
The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.
The process of recycling a vehicle is extremely complicated, as there are many parts to be recycled and many hazardous materials to remove. Briefly, the process begins with incoming vehicles being inventoried for parts. The wheels, tires, battery, and catalytic converter are removed. Fluids, such as engine coolant, oil, transmission fluid, air ...
Commercial selective catalytic reduction systems are typically found on large utility boilers, industrial boilers, and municipal solid waste boilers and have been shown to lower NO x emissions by 70-95%. [1] Applications include diesel engines, such as those found on large ships, diesel locomotives, gas turbines, and automobiles.
Catalytic converters are removed and shipped offsite for recovery of their precious metals content and the stainless steel shells. Pull-A-Part serves as one of the top-5 recyclers of mercury switches in the United States [ 13 ] and in 2008 Pull-A-Part hosted the US Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Stephen L. Johnson , who ...
Unfortunately, the catalytic converters could only function properly with unleaded fuel. In order to protect human health and ensure that catalytic converters were operating properly, the EPA required that the average lead content of all gasoline sold be reduced from 1.7 grams per gallon after January 1, 1975 to 0.5 grams per gallon by January ...
The use of catalytic converters, mandated in the United States for 1975 and later model-year cars to meet tighter emissions regulations, started a gradual phase-out of leaded gasoline in the U.S. [29] The need for TEL was lessened by several advances in automotive engineering and petroleum chemistry.
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