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For a butterfly network with p processor nodes, there need to be p(log 2 p + 1) switching nodes. Figure 1 shows a network with 8 processor nodes, which implies 32 switching nodes. It represents each node as N(rank, column number). For example, the node at column 6 in rank 1 is represented as (1,6) and node at column 2 in rank 0 is represented ...
Interconnection network are used to connect nodes, where nodes can be a single processor or group of processors, to other nodes. Interconnection networks can be categorized on the basis of their topology. Topology is the pattern in which one node is connected to other nodes. There are two main types of topology: static and dynamic.
A cell 0 is the basic unit and building block of DCell topology arranged in multiple levels, where a higher level cell contains multiple lower layer cells. The cell 0 is building block of DCell topology, which contains n servers and one commodity network switch. The network switch is only used to connect the server within a cell 0.
The second is a two dimension torus, in the shape of a 'doughnut'. The animation illustrates how a two dimension torus is generated from a rectangle by connecting its two pairs of opposite edges. At one dimension, a torus topology is equivalent to a ring interconnect network, in the shape of a circle. At two dimensions, it becomes equivalent to ...
An 8x8 Omega network is a multistage interconnection network, meaning that processing elements (PEs) are connected using multiple stages of switches. Inputs and outputs are given addresses as shown in the figure. The outputs from each stage are connected to the inputs of the next stage using a perfect shuffle connection system. This means that ...
For example, the sample diagram does not indicate the physical type of connection between the PCs and the switch, but since a modern LAN is depicted, Ethernet may be assumed. If the same style of line was used in a WAN (wide area network) diagram, however, it may indicate a different type of connection.
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
For example, an 8×8 Beneš network (i.e. with N = 8) is shown below; it has 2 log 2 8 − 1 = 5 stages, each containing N/2 = 4 2×2 crossbar switches, and it uses a total of N log 2 N − N/2 = 20 2×2 crossbar switches. The central three stages consist of two smaller 4×4 Beneš networks, while in the center stage, each 2×2 crossbar switch ...