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Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite [5]) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (OH), often written Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. [6]
Hydroxyapatite, also known as hydroxylapatite, is the major component of tooth enamel and bone mineral. A relatively rare form of apatite in which most of the OH groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions is a large component of bone material. [13]
Calcium hydroxyphosphate (calcium phosphate tribasic, tribasic calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, HAp) is an inorganic chemical compound that is made up of calcium, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorus. Its formula is Ca 5 (OH)(PO 4) 3. [1] It is found in the body and as the mineral hydroxyapatite. [citation needed]
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH −, F − and Cl − ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca 10 ( PO 4 ) 6 (OH,F,Cl) 2 , and the crystal unit cell formulae of the ...
Currently, many types of metals and alloys (stainless steel, titanium, nickel, magnesium, Co–Cr alloys, Ti alloys), [1] ceramics (zirconia, bioglass, alumina, hydroxyapatite) [1] and polymers (acrylic, nylon, silicone, polyurethane, polycaprolactone, polyanhydrides) [1] are used for load bearing applications. This includes dental replacements ...
The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca 2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well.
The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. [4] Enamel is formed on the tooth while the tooth develops within the jaw bone before it erupts into the mouth. Once fully formed, enamel does not contain blood vessels or nerves, and is not made of cells.
It is also present as hydroxyapatite Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 OH or Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2, which is often dissolved from vertebrate bones and teeth, whereas fluorapatite can originate from hydrothermal veins. Other sources also include chemically dissolved phosphate minerals from igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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