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Less commonly (around 10% of Hymenoptera sting reactions), a large local reaction occurs when the area of swelling is greater than 10 centimetres (4 in). Rarely (1-3% of Hymenoptera sting reactions), systemic reactions can affect multiple organs and pose a medical emergency, as in the case of anaphylactic shock. [2] [3]
For about 2 percent of people, a hypersensitivity can develop after being stung, creating a more severe reaction. This sensitisation may happen after a single sting, or after a series of stings. An allergic person may suffer anaphylactic shock from certain proteins in the venom, which can be life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. [ 18 ]
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. [ 4 ]
In all stinging Hymenoptera the sting is a modified ovipositor. [5] Unlike most other stings, honey bee workers' stings are strongly barbed and lodge in the flesh of mammals upon use, tearing free from the honey bee's body, killing the bee within minutes. [ 2 ]
Aculeata is a subclade of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger. However, many members of the group cannot sting, either retaining the ovipositor, or having lost it altogether.
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Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera.It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families.It contains the most advanced hymenopterans and is distinguished from Symphyta by the narrow "waist" formed between the first two segments of the actual abdomen; the first abdominal segment is fused to the thorax, and is called the propodeum.