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  2. Equivalent carbon content - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_carbon_content

    When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary. The following carbon equivalent formula is used to determine if a spot weld will fail in high-strength low-alloy steel due to excessive hardenability: [2]

  3. Weldability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weldability

    The weldability, also known as joinability, [1] of a material refers to its ability to be welded. Many metals and thermoplastics can be welded, but some are easier to weld than others (see Rheological weldability). A material's weldability is used to determine the welding process and to compare the final weld quality to other materials.

  4. Hardenability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenability

    The hardenability of ferrous alloys, i.e. steels, is a function of the carbon content and other alloying elements and the grain size of the austenite. [1] The relative importance of the various alloying elements is calculated by finding the equivalent carbon content of the material.

  5. ASTM A992 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_A992

    There are a couple of noteworthy enhancements with ASTM A992. Material ductility is well defined since a maximum yield-to-tensile strength ratio of 0.85 is specified. Additionally, weldability is improved since a maximum carbon equivalent value of 0.45 (0.47 for Group 4 and 5 shapes) is required. ASTM A992 is written to cover all hot-rolled ...

  6. Maraging steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraging_steel

    Maraging blades are superior for foil and épée because crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel, resulting in less frequent breaking of the blade and fewer injuries. [i] [19] Stainless maraging steel is used in bicycle frames (e.g. Reynolds 953 introduced in 2013) [20] and golf club heads. [21]

  7. Moving heat source model for thin plates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_heat_source_model...

    In the 1930s metallurgists Albert Portevin and D. Seferian attempted to experimentally determine heat transfer characteristics in welding. [1] They correlated the effects of several factors—material properties, welding process, and part dimensions—on temperature distribution, by performing oxyacetylene (gas) and covered electrode (arc) welds on plates and bars of various profiles, and ...

  8. Rotary friction welding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_friction_welding

    Rotary friction welding is widely implemented across the manufacturing sector and has been used for numerous applications, [17] [18] [19] including: Parts in gas turbine such as: turbine shafts, turbine discs, compressor drums, [20]

  9. Degree of unsaturation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_unsaturation

    For hydrocarbons, the DBE (or IHD) tells us the number of rings and/or extra bonds in a non-saturated structure, which equals the number of hydrogen pairs that are required to make the structure saturated, simply because joining two elements to form a ring or adding one extra bond (e.g., a single bond changed to a double bond) in a structure reduces the need for two H's.