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Cellular network standards and generation timeline. This is a comparison of standards of wireless networking technologies for devices such as mobile phones.A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s.
Cell Radius: 3–12 km Speed: 250 km/h Spectral Efficiency: 13 bits/s/Hz/cell Spectrum Reuse Factor: "1" EDGE Evolution: GSM: Mobile Internet: TDMA/FDD: 1.6: 0.5: 3GPP Release 7 UMTS W-CDMA HSPA (HSDPA+HSUPA) 3GPP: Mobile Internet: CDMA/FDD CDMA/FDD/MIMO: 0.384 14.4: 0.384 5.76: HSDPA is widely deployed. Typical downlink rates today 2 Mbit/s ...
GSM-1900 and GSM-850 are used in most of North, South and Central America (ITU-Region 2). In North America, GSM operates on the primary mobile communication bands 850 MHz and 1900 MHz. In Canada , GSM-1900 is the primary band used in urban areas with 850 as a backup, and GSM-850 being the primary rural band.
speed* Typical download speed* Theoretical maximum upload speed* Typical upload speed* Frequency band Channel spacing Maximum range (distance from antenna) Year of commercial implementation 0G SN, SN+ 2B/s: 50-150MHz: 1946 0.5G SI 200-350MHz: 1958 analog & digital ↓ 1G NMT, AMPS, TACS… 400-450MHz: 1979 1.5G D-AMPS 30kHz: digital ↓ 2G GSM ...
Typical 2G standards include GSM and IS-95 with extensions via GPRS, EDGE and 1xRTT, providing Internet access to users of originally voice centric 2G networks. Both EDGE and 1xRTT are 3G standards, as defined by the ITU , but are usually marketed as 2.9G due to their comparatively low speeds and high delays when compared to true 3G technologies.
Most 2G cellular systems, with the notable exception of IS-95, are based on TDMA. GSM, D-AMPS, PDC, iDEN, and PHS are examples of TDMA cellular systems.. In the GSM system, the synchronization of the mobile phones is achieved by sending timing advance commands from the base station which instruct the mobile phone to transmit earlier and by how much.
This page was last edited on 4 November 2023, at 10:12 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Frequency bands for 5G New Radio (5G NR), which is the air interface or radio access technology of the 5G mobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. First there is Frequency Range 1 (FR1), [ 1 ] which includes sub-7 GHz frequency bands, some of which are traditionally used by previous standards, but has been extended to ...