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Women with a breast cancer associated with a BRCA mutation have up to a 40% probability of developing a new primary breast cancer within 10 years following initial diagnosis if they did not receive tamoxifen treatment or have an oophorectomy. The woman's ten-year risk for ovarian cancer is also increased by 6-12% under these conditions.
BRCA2 and BRCA2 ( / ˌbrækəˈtuː / [5]) are human genes and their protein products, respectively. The official symbol (BRCA2, italic for the gene, nonitalic for the protein) and the official name (originally breast cancer 2; currently BRCA2, DNA repair associated) are maintained by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
BRCA1 is a human tumor suppressor gene [7] [8] (also known as a caretaker gene) and is responsible for repairing DNA. [9] BRCA1 and BRCA2 are unrelated proteins, [10] but both are normally expressed in the cells of breast and other tissue, where they help repair damaged DNA, or destroy cells if DNA cannot be repaired.
Hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndromes ( HBOC) are cancer syndromes that produce higher than normal levels of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and additional cancers in genetically related families (either one individual had both, or several individuals in the pedigree had one or the other disease). It accounts for 90% of the hereditary ...
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
Fibrocystic breast changes is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses. [1] The breasts may be described as "lumpy" or "doughy". [3] Symptoms may worsen during certain parts of the menstrual cycle due to hormonal stimulation. [1] These are normal breast changes, not associated with cancer.
Triple-negative breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer ( TNBC) is any breast cancer that either lacks or shows low levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or gene amplification (i.e. the tumor is negative on all three tests giving the name triple ...
A heterotopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which both extrauterine ( ectopic) pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. [2] It may also be referred to as a combined ectopic pregnancy, multiple‑sited pregnancy, or coincident pregnancy. The most common site of the extrauterine pregnancy is the fallopian tube.