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2. Heading indicator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heading_indicator

   Heading indicator. A heading indicator in a small aircraft. HI interior. Vacuum systems using a vacuum pump (left) and a venturi (right) The heading indicator (HI), also known as a directional gyro[1] (DG) or direction indicator (DI), [2][3][4][5] is a flight instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the aircraft's heading.

3. Gyrocompass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrocompass

   A gyrocompass makes use of one of the seven fundamental ways to determine the heading of a vehicle. [1] A gyroscope is an essential component of a gyrocompass, but they are different devices; a gyrocompass is built to use the effect of gyroscopic precession, which is a distinctive aspect of the general gyroscopic effect.

4. Gyroscope - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscope

   The heading indicator or directional gyro has an axis of rotation that is set horizontally, pointing north. Unlike a magnetic compass, it does not seek north. When being used in an airplane, for example, it will slowly drift away from north and will need to be reoriented periodically, using a magnetic compass as a reference. [35]

5. Horizontal situation indicator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator

   The horizontal situation indicator (commonly called the HSI) is an aircraft flight instrument normally mounted below the artificial horizon in place of a conventional heading indicator. It combines a heading indicator with a VHF omnidirectional range - instrument landing system (VOR-ILS) display. [1] This reduces pilot workload by lessening the ...

6. Aircraft compass turns - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_compass_turns

   Compass turns are typically performed in simulated or actual failures of the directional gyro or other navigational instruments. A magnetic compass is a simple instrument when the compass is not moving and is on the earth. A magnetic compass installed in an aircraft is subject to compass turning errors during flight.

7. Attitude indicator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_indicator

   The attitude indicator (AI), formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth's horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orientation change. The miniature aircraft and horizon bar mimic the relationship of the aircraft relative ...