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Amphetamine is a weak base with a pK a of 9.9; consequently, when the pH is basic, more of the drug is in its lipid soluble free base form, and more is absorbed through the lipid-rich cell membranes of the gut epithelium. Conversely, an acidic pH means the drug is predominantly in a water-soluble cationic (salt) form, and less is absorbed.
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation can be used to estimate the pH of a buffer solution by approximating the actual concentration ratio as the ratio of the analytical concentrations of the acid and of a salt, MA. The equation can also be applied to bases by specifying the protonated form of the base as the acid. For example, with an amine,
On this scale, pure H 2 SO 4 (18.4 M) has a H 0 value of −12, and pyrosulfuric acid has H 0 ~ −15. Take note that the Hammett acidity function clearly avoids water in its equation. It is a generalization of the pH scale—in a dilute aqueous solution (where B is H 2 O), pH is very nearly equal to H 0.
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An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of Brønsted-Lowry acid or base (titrate) by neutralizing it using a solution of known concentration (titrant). [1] A pH indicator is used to monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction and a titration curve can be constructed.
Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand names Vyvanse and Elvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults.
In computational biology, protein pKa calculations are used to estimate the p Ka values of amino acids as they exist within proteins. These calculations complement the p Ka values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of molecular modeling, structural bioinformatics, and computational biology .
Aqion is a hydrochemistry software tool. It bridges the gap between scientific software (such like PhreeqC [1] ) and the calculation/handling of "simple" water-related tasks in daily routine practice. The software aqion is free for private users, education and companies.