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Thomson made the discovery around the same time that Walter Kaufmann and Emil Wiechert discovered the correct mass to charge ratio of these cathode rays (electrons). [34] The name "electron" was adopted for these particles by the scientific community, mainly due to the advocation by G. F. FitzGerald, J. Larmor, and H. A. Lorentz.
After Rutherford's discovery, subsequent research determined the atomic structure which led to Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Scientists eventually discovered that atoms have a positively charged nucleus (with an atomic number of charges) in the center, with a radius of about 1.2 × 10 −15 meters × [atomic mass number] 1 ⁄ 3. Electrons ...
The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and between 1897 and 1904 he developed a model for atoms containing electrons arranged in concentric shells. To explain why atoms are electrically neutral, he ...
Physics. Institutions. Queen's College Galway. George Johnstone Stoney FRS (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist. He is most famous for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity". [1] He initially named it "electrolion" in 1881, [2] and later named it “electron” in 1891. [3][4][5] He ...
The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom with internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, but it was subsequently rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford 's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911. The model tried to account for two properties of ...
The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas to explain individual phenomena—blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, solar emission spectra—an era called the Old or Older quantum theories. [1]
Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect. Millikan graduated from Oberlin College in 1891 and obtained his doctorate at Columbia University in ...
Succeeded by. Lawrence Bragg. Signature. Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM , FRS , HonFRSE [ 7 ] (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 8 ] and "the greatest ...