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The thin-skinned style of deformation is typical of many fold and thrust belts developed in the foreland of a collisional zone or back arc of a continental volcanic arc. This is particularly the case where a good basal decollement exists, usually in a weaker layer like a shale, evaporite, or a zone of high pore fluid pressure. [2]
Thrust fault in the Qilian Shan, China.The older (left, blue, and red) thrust over the younger (right, brown). The Glencoul Thrust at Aird da Loch, Assynt in Scotland. The irregular grey mass of rock is formed of Archaean or Paleoproterozoic Lewisian gneisses thrust over well-bedded Cambrian quartzite, along the top of the younger unit.
At the location of the earthquake, the oceanic Nazca plate converges with and subducts beneath the South America plate in an east-northeast direction, at a rate of approximately 73 mm/yr. The location, depth and shallow thrusting focal mechanism solution [3] all indicate this earthquake likely occurred on the subduction zone interface. [1]
As the basin fills up, shallow-water sandstones and continental deposits form. [3] [4] Most of the resulting rocks have little deformation, but near the edge of the mountain chain they can be subject to folding and thrusting. [3] After the basin fills up, continental sediments are deposited on top of the flysch. [4]
Thrust faults are distinguished from other reverse faults because they dip at a relatively shallow angle, typically less than 45°, [8] and show large displacements. [9] [10] In effect, the rocks above the fault have been thrust over the rocks below the fault.
The Sevier Fold and Thrust Belt extends from southern California near the Mexican border to Canada. [1] Basin and Range faults cut the older Sevier thrust faults. [4] The Sevier orogeny was preceded by several other mountain-building events including the Nevadan orogeny, the Sonoman orogeny, and the Antler orogeny, and partially overlapped in time and space with the Laramide orogeny.
The hypocenter of the earthquake indicates shallow thrusting motion in the upper (Okhotsk) plate, above the subducting Pacific plate, which lies at approximately 80 km depth at this location. The earthquake occurred in a region of upper-plate contraction, probably within the complicated tectonics of the Ou Backbone Range, known to have hosted ...
The earthquake was the result of shallow thrust faulting along a fault located in the back-arc region between the Sunda and Banda island arcs. The Flores Thrust represents a back-arc thrust fault that accommodated tectonic deformation between the Australian and Sunda plates. This structure runs for over 1,500 km (930 mi).