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The patient was a female Viennese matchstick maker who had been exposed to the phosphorus vapors over a five-year period. [10] [11] He named the disease "Phosphorimus chronicus". [3] In 1844 Lorinser reported 22 cases of phossy jaw and established the toxic effects of white phosphorus in matchsticks. [12]
Thomas Phillip Lecky, known as T.P. Lecky (1904-1994), was a Jamaican scientist who developed several new breeds of cattle.Lecky is known as one of Jamaica's earliest environmentalists, and a strong advocate for conservation of hillsides. [1]
OPs are one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. [2] There are nearly 3 million poisonings per year resulting in two hundred thousand deaths. [2] [3] Around 15% of people who are poisoned die as a result. [2] Organophosphate poisoning has been reported at least since 1962. [7]
Glyphosate (IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant.It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP).
Phosphorus is a finite (limited) resource that is widespread in the Earth's crust and in living organisms but is relatively scarce in concentrated forms, which are not evenly distributed across the Earth. The only cost-effective production method to date is the mining of phosphate rock, but only a few countries have significant commercial reserves.
Phosphorus from plant sources is therefore better suited to ruminants, but is still used to a lesser extent than phosphorus provided by inorganic sources. The ruminant's phosphorus requirements are dictated by the needs of the microbial population in the rumen, with the phosphorus being necessary for cellulose digestion and protein synthesis .
Brand kept his discovery secret, as alchemists of the time did, and worked with the phosphorus trying unsuccessfully to use it to produce gold. His recipe was: [5] Let urine stand for days until it gives off a pungent smell. [4] (This step was not necessary, as later scientists discovered that fresh urine yielded the same amount of phosphorus). [6]
Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents. [2] Phosphorus, like nitrogen, is in group 15 of the periodic table, and thus phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds have many similar properties.