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In countries such as the US, in practice, there is little legislative difference between the concepts of "cyberbullying" and "cyberstalking." The primary distinction is one of age; if adults are involved, the act is usually termed cyberstalking , while among children it is usually referred to as cyberbullying .
Cyberbullying involves repeated behavior with intent to harm. Cyberbullying is perpetrated through harassment, cyberstalking, denigration (sending or posting cruel rumors and falsehoods to damage reputation and friendships), impersonation, and exclusion (intentionally and cruelly excluding someone from an online group) [5]
Cyberstalking and cyberbullying are relatively new phenomena, but that does not mean that crimes committed through the network are not punishable under legislation drafted for that purpose. Although there are often existing laws that prohibit stalking or harassment in a general sense, legislators sometimes believe that such laws are inadequate ...
Cyberstalking is a crime in which someone harasses or stalks a victim using electronic or digital means, such as social media, email, instant messaging (IM), or messages posted to a discussion group or forum. ... The terms cyberstalking and cyberbullying are often used interchangeably.
The issue of cyberstalking, "the use of electronic communication to harass or threaten someone with physical harm", [33] is sometimes used interchangeably with cyberbullying. However, cyberstalking is a form of cyberbullying. [34] Cyberstalking is a federal crime in the United States as part of the Violence Against Women Act of 2005.
Males (32%) were victimized more often, compared to females (24%), and experiencing offline dating violence was the strongest identified correlate of online dating violence. Other key findings included links to depression, sexting, and cyberbullying victimization. [5] Cyberstalking is another type of
Cyber-bullying is very common among children and young adults that are ten to eighteen years old. [17] Victims of cyber-bullying, often feel negative about themselves after being bullied. It is also common for cyber-bullying to have negative effects on cyber victims' social well-being because it has a negative impact on their self-esteem. [ 18 ]
Cyberbullying is defined by Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin as "willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices." [21] Cyberbullying can occur 24 hours a day, seven days a week. [22] In August 2008, the California State Legislature passed a law directly related with cyber-bullying ...