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A sailor and a man on shore, both sounding the depth with a line. Depth sounding, often simply called sounding, is measuring the depth of a body of water. Data taken from soundings are used in bathymetry to make maps of the floor of a body of water, such as the seabed topography. Soundings were traditionally shown on nautical charts in fathoms ...
Bathometer – A scientific instrument for measuring water depth; Bathymetric chart – Map depicting the submerged terrain of bodies of water; Coastal morphodynamics – Interaction of shoreline seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes; Depth gauge – Instrument that indicates depth below a reference surface
Jacob Perkins (1766–1849) proposed a bathometer based on the compressibility of water. [4] In this instrument the movement of a piston compressing a body of water enclosed in its cylinder is dependent on the pressure of the water outside the cylinder, and hence its depth. The amount the piston moved can be measured when it is returned to the ...
The process was labor-intensive and time-consuming and, although each individual depth measurement could be accurate, even a thorough survey as a practical matter could include only a limited number of sounding measurements relative to the area being surveyed, inevitably leaving gaps in coverage between soundings. [12]
Echo sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water . It involves transmitting acoustic waves into water and recording the time interval between emission and return of a pulse; the resulting time of flight , along with knowledge of the speed of sound in water, allows determining the distance ...
A bathythermograph. The bathythermograph, or BT, also known as the Mechanical Bathythermograph, or MBT; [1] is a device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth down to a depth of approximately 285 meters (935 feet).
Passaic County provided $400,000 in open space grants over three years to help pay for the enhancements, which included the installation of an accessible walkway, swim lanes and swim rafts.
A bottom-mounted ADCP can measure the speed and direction of currents at equal intervals all the way to the surface. Mounted sideways on a wall or bridge piling in rivers or canals, it can measure the current profile from bank to bank. In very deep water they can be lowered on cables from the surface. The primary usage is for oceanography. [4]