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Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 ... Methanol [4] 0.79 64.7 Ethanol: 0.78 78.4 1.22
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures: log 10 (P) = −(0.05223) a / T + b , where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.
Methanol is primarily converted to formaldehyde, which is widely used in many areas, especially polymers. The conversion entails oxidation: 2 CH 3 OH + O 2 → 2 CH 2 O + 2 H 2 O. Acetic acid can be produced from methanol. The Cativa process converts methanol into acetic acid. [35] Methanol and isobutene are combined to give methyl tert-butyl ...
A straight-chain alkane will have a boiling point higher than a branched-chain alkane due to the greater surface area in contact, and thus greater van der Waals forces, between adjacent molecules. For example, compare isobutane (2-methylpropane) and n-butane (butane), which boil at −12 and 0 °C, and 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutane ...
The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms
Higher alkanes are naturally present in crude oil and can be obtained via fractional distillation.Saturated fatty acids decarboxylate to higher alkanes. Long olefins can be hydrogenated to yield higher alkanes. n-alkanes can be isolated via the formation of urea clathrates.They can also be synthesized through Kolbe electrolysis or other coupling reactions like the Wurtz reaction.
In naming simple alcohols, the name of the alkane chain loses the terminal e and adds the suffix -ol, e.g., as in "ethanol" from the alkane chain name "ethane". [19] When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3.