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where is osmotic pressure, i is the dimensionless van 't Hoff index, c is the molar concentration of solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature (usually in kelvins). This formula applies when the solute concentration is sufficiently low that the solution can be treated as an ideal solution.
A temporary filling is used to keep the material in place, and about six months later, the cavity is re-opened and hopefully there is now enough sound dentin over the pulp (a "dentin bridge") that any residual softened dentin can be removed and a permanent filling can be placed. This method is also called "stepwise caries removal."
As a result, full crowns and even bridges (replacing multiple teeth) can be fabricated with these systems. Indirect dental composites can be used for: Filling cavities in teeth, as fillings, inlays and/or onlays; Filling gaps (diastemas) between teeth using a shell-like veneer or; Reshaping of teeth; Full or partial crowns on single teeth
With regard to permanent teeth, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of RMGIC as long term restorations in permanent teeth. Despite the low number of randomised control trials , a meta- analysis review by Bezerra et al. [2009] reported significantly fewer carious lesions on the margins of glass ionomer restorations in permanent ...
The use of a post and core does not strengthen the tooth prior to restoration with a crown; [9] rather, it may contribute to the weakening of the tooth structure, as the forces placed upon the future prosthetic crown and core are now transmitted along virtually the entire length of the brittle, endodontically treated tooth. This inherent ...
Fluoride is a mineral which helps strengthen our teeth and protects them from decay, and it is found in many dental products including toothpaste. Compomers and glass ionomer cements are able to release fluoride over extended periods, and this may help to reduce the risk of a tooth decaying further.
Composites and amalgam are used mainly for direct restoration. Composites can be made of color matching the tooth, and the surface can be polished after the filling procedure has been completed. Amalgam fillings expand with age, possibly cracking the tooth and requiring repair and filling replacement, but chance of leakage of filling is less.
It does not resorb, and is biocompatible, forming a seal against the tooth material that minimizes leakage. [1] Originally, MTA was dark gray in color, but white versions have been on the market since 2002. Bismuth oxide, which was added as a radioopacifier (to make the filling stand out on X-rays), [citation needed] can discolour the teeth. [3]