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In nautical navigation the relative bearing of an object is the clockwise angle from the heading of the vessel to a straight line drawn from the observation station on the vessel to the object. The relative bearing is measured with a pelorus or other optical and electronic aids to navigation such as a periscope , sonar system , and radar systems .
True course is 120°, the Variation is 5° West, and the Deviation is 1° West. T: 120° V: +5° M: 125° D: +1° C: 126° Therefore, to achieve a true course of 120°, one should follow a compass heading of 126°. True course is 120°, the Variation is 5° East and the Deviation is 1° East. T: 120° V: −5° M: 115° D: −1° C: 114°
Some words commonly used were introduced in maritime navigation. For example, the yaw angle or heading, has a nautical origin, with the meaning of "bending out of the course". Etymologically, it is related with the verb 'to go'. [6] It is related to the concept of bearing. It is typically assigned the shorthand notation ψ. [7]
5 i is the ranging codes for i; also denoted as I5 n and Q5 n. U and V i are intermediate codes, with U not depending on phase or PRN. The output of two 13-stage LFSRs with clock state t' is used: XA(x,t') has feedback polynomial x 13 + x 12 + x 10 + x 9 + 1, and initial state 1111111111111 2.
Instruments used to plot a course on a nautical chart. In navigation, the course of a watercraft or aircraft is the cardinal direction in which the craft is to be steered.The course is to be distinguished from the heading, which is the direction where the watercraft's bow or the aircraft's nose is pointed.
In order to compensate for this gain, a GPS clock's frequency needs to be slowed by the fraction: 5.307 × 10 −10 – 8.349 × 10 −11 = 4.472 × 10 −10. This fraction is subtracted from 1 and multiplied by the pre-adjusted clock frequency of 10.23 MHz: (1 – 4.472 × 10 −10) × 10.23 = 10.22999999543
Radar ranges and bearings can be very useful for navigation. Radar navigation is the utilization of marine and aviation radar systems for vessel and aircraft navigation.When a craft is within radar range of land or special radar aids to navigation, the navigator can take distances and angular bearings to charted objects and use these to establish arcs of position and lines of position on a ...
For maritime and aviation applications, the clock bearing is almost always a relative bearing; i.e., the angle stated or implied is angular distance from the longitudinal axis of the vessel or imaginary vessel to the bearing. However, if the 12:00 position is associated with a true bearing, then the observed position is also.