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Thiamine availability is controlled by the direct dietary consumption of thiamine. Thiamine availability is also regulated by thiaminases , which are enzymes that readily cleave thiamine molecules and inhibit essential thiamine-regulated pathways such as the metabolism of glucose. [ 3 ]
Thiamine. Thiaminase is an enzyme that metabolizes or breaks down thiamine into pyrimidine and thiazole. It is an antinutrient when consumed. The old name was "aneurinase". [1] There are two types with different Enzyme Commission numbers: [2] Thiamine pyridinylase, Thiaminase I (EC 2.5.1.2, InterPro: IPR030901)
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin – an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [1] [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions. Thiamine pyrophosphate is synthesized in the cytosol and is required in the cytosol for the activity of transketolase and in the mitochondria for the activity of pyruvate-, oxoglutarate- and branched chain keto acid ...
Prosultiamine (INN; also known as thiamine propyl disulfide or TPD; brand name Jubedel,) is a disulfide thiamine derivative discovered in garlic in Japan in the 1950s, and is similar to allithiamine. It was developed as a treatment for vitamin B 1 deficiency .
Fursultiamine (INN; chemical name thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or TTFD; brand names Adventan, Alinamin-F, Benlipoid, Bevitol Lipophil, Judolor, Lipothiamine) is a medication and vitamin used to treat thiamine deficiency. Chemically, it is a disulfide derivative of thiamine and is similar in structure to allithiamine. [1]
For ethylene glycol, thiamine helps by preventing synthesis of the glycol's metabolites. Overall, thiamine does not cause as notable issues in the cocktail, but patients can be sensitive to it nonetheless. If a physician administers both dextrose and thiamine, as is common in comatose patients, thiamine should be administered first. [6]
By blocking thiamine uptake it prevents carbohydrate synthesis. [ citation needed ] Despite only moderate efficacy it is well favoured due to few resistance issues and is commonly used in the United States in conjunction with sulfonamides prophylactically in chickens and cattle as a coccidiostat.