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The non-lytic system has been used to give higher protein yield and quicker expression of recombinant genes compared to baculovirus-infected cell expression. [24] Cell lines used for this system include: Sf9, Sf21 from Spodoptera frugiperda cells, Hi-5 from Trichoplusia ni cells, and Schneider 2 cells and Schneider 3 cells from Drosophila ...
By contrast, eukaryotic cells are larger and thus contain much more protein. For instance, yeast cells have been estimated to contain about 50 million proteins and human cells on the order of 1 to 3 billion. [43] The concentration of individual protein copies ranges from a few molecules per cell up to 20 million. [44]
In human cell lines, chaperone proteins were found to compose ~10% of the gross proteome mass, [21] and are ubiquitously and highly expressed across human tissues. Chaperones are found extensively in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), since protein synthesis often occurs in this area.
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene.
Inhibition of protein translation is a major target for toxins and antibiotics, so they can kill a cell by overriding its normal gene expression control. [107] Protein synthesis inhibitors include the antibiotic neomycin and the toxin ricin .
Protein expression may refer to: Gene expression , the processes that convert the information of DNA genes into a functional copies of mRNA in living cells Protein production , the method of generating some quantity of a specific protein in biotechnology
Eukaryotic cells can be used as an alternative to prokaryotic expression of proteins intended for therapeutic use. Yeast is a single cell fungus that uses high expression levels, fast growth, and inexpensive maintenance, similar to prokaryotic systems.
Technically, minuscule amounts of (a) cellular lysates, from intact cells or laser capture microdissected cells, (b) body fluids such as serum, CSF, urine, vitreous, saliva, etc., are immobilized on individual spots on a microarray that is then incubated with a single specific antibody to detect expression of the target protein across many ...
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