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Pygmy hunter-gatherers in the Congo Basin in August 2014. A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, [1] [2] that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat ...
Basic subsistence is the provision of food, clothing, shelter. A subsistence economy is an economy directed to one's subsistence rather than to the market. [ 1 ] Often, the subsistence economy is moneyless and relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs through hunting, gathering, and agriculture .
The Gathering Hypothesis is a view that states men provided the evolution of the current human through hunting while women contributed via gathering. [5] Though criticized by many, it provides clues that both hunting and gathering were patterns of acquiring food and resources.
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities.
A significant part of the energy cost of industrial food production arises from the packaging and shipping of products to the increasingly urban consumer base. [6] The energy costs, pesticide use, and widespread erosion implicit in many forms of industrial food production have led to concerns about its long-term sustainability as a pattern of ...
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In a primitive communist society, the productive forces would have consisted of all able-bodied persons engaged in obtaining food and resources from the land, [40] and everyone would share in what was produced by hunting and gathering.
Many have criticized his work for only including time spent hunting and gathering while omitting time spent on collecting firewood, food preparation, etc. Other scholars also assert that hunter-gatherer societies were not "affluent" but suffered from extremely high infant mortality, frequent disease, and perennial warfare.