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Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
A quantum jump is the abrupt transition of a quantum system (atom, molecule, atomic nucleus) from one quantum state to another, from one energy level to another. When the system absorbs energy, there is a transition to a higher energy level (); when the system loses energy, there is a transition to a lower energy level.
1913 Henry Moseley shows that nuclear charge is the real basis for numbering the elements; 1913 Johannes Stark demonstrates that strong electric fields will split the Balmer spectral line series of hydrogen; 1913 Niels Bohr presents his quantum model of the atom [3] 1913 Robert Millikan measures the fundamental unit of electric charge
1911 – Ernest Rutherford: Discovery of the atomic nucleus (Rutherford model) 1911 – Kamerlingh Onnes: Superconductivity; 1912 - Victor Francis Hess: Cosmic rays; 1913 – Niels Bohr: Bohr model of the atom; 1915 – Albert Einstein: General relativity; 1915 – Emmy Noether: Noether's theorem relates symmetries to conservation laws.
Niels Bohr's 1913 quantum model of the hydrogen atom. In 1913 Niels Bohr proposed a new model of the atom that included quantized electron orbits: electrons still orbit the nucleus much as planets orbit around the Sun, but they are permitted to inhabit only certain orbits, not to orbit at any arbitrary distance. [18]
[11] [12] Niels Bohr quoted him in his 1913 paper of the Bohr model of the atom. [13] 1912 – Victor Hess discovers the existence of cosmic radiation. 1912 – Henri Poincaré publishes an influential mathematical argument in support of the essential nature of energy quanta. [14] [15] 1913:
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The Bohr model of the atom. Rutherford deduced the existence of the atomic nucleus through his experiments but he had nothing to say about how the electrons were arranged around it. In 1912, Niels Bohr joined Rutherford's lab and began his work on a quantum model of the atom. [38]: 19