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Gender-specific risk factors increase the likelihood of getting a particular mental disorder based on one's gender. Some gender-specific risk factors that disproportionately affect women are income inequality, low social ranking, unrelenting child care, gender-based violence, and socioeconomic disadvantages.
Opponents of such definitions argue that the definitions disregard violence against men and that the term gender, as used in gender-based violence, only refers to women. Other critics argue that employing the term gender in this particular way introduces notions of inferiority and subordination for femininity and superiority for masculinity.
Support for contraception is based on views such as reproductive rights, women's rights, and the necessity to prevent child abandonment and child poverty. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The World Health Organization states that "By preventing unintended pregnancy, family planning /contraception prevents deaths of mothers and children".
Pregnancy-promoting behavior of abusive male partners is one method of domestic violence and is associated with unwanted pregnancy, particularly in adolescents. [7] Reproductive coercion itself is a form of domestic violence because it results from unwanted sexual activity and hinders a woman's ability to control her body.
The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women considers the criminalization of abortion a "violations of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights" and a form of "gender-based violence"; paragraph 18 of its General recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 ...
Research has stressed the importance of encouraging nurturing, with better and more gender balanced parenting, to prevent sexual violence. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] At the same time, Schwartz [ 9 ] has developed a prevention model that adopts a developmental approach, with interventions before birth, during childhood and in adolescence and young adulthood.
Gender-based violence refers to any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification, culture may have a role to play, being lower in egalitarianism societies and higher in patriarchal, misogynistic societies.
Prenatal sex determination is restricted in many countries, and so is the communication of the sex of the fetus to the pregnant woman or her family, in order to prevent sex selective abortion. In India, prenatal sex determination is regulated under the Pre-conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act 1994.