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Modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents. Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World.
Orthodox ulama or "the religious establishment" found themselves in a difficult position during the wave of Islamic activism that swept through Egypt in the 1970s and 1980s. Most Ulama, including those of Al-Azhar University, are employees of the Egyptian state who "recognize the regime’s primacy, support its stability, and legitimize its ...
Sufism has been called the "default setting" of Muslim religious life in Egypt [80] [81] [82] where there are 74 Sufi orders (tarikas) [83] and an estimated 15 million practicing Sufis. [84] The number of salafis in Egypt has been estimated at 5-6 million. [85] Salafism has been described as the "most important" religious force in Egypt. [86]
The ulama in the Ottoman Empire had a significant influence over politics due to the belief that secular institutions were all subordinate to Islamic law, the Sharia (Turkish: Şeriat). The ulama were responsible for interpreting the religious law, therefore they claimed that their power superseded that of the government. [51]
As Islamic Modernist beliefs were co-opted by secularist rulers and official `ulama, the Brotherhood moved in a traditionalist and conservative direction, as it drew more and more of those Muslims "whose religious and cultural sensibilities had been outraged by the impact of Westernisation" -- being "the only available outlet" for such people. [89]
He is a conservative Iranian politician and one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the Hawza (seminary) in Qom. [121] Ahmad Milad Karimi, Afghan philosopher of religion and professor of Islamic Philosophy at the University of Münster in Germany. Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi, Grand Ayatollah is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric. Advocate of ...
One of the most notable eras of the Islamic country was the al-Subki era. It was an era of learning and intellectuals. During their rule, the Mamluk Sultanate regarded Egypt and the Levant to be one state, and they welcomed this conservable class of scholars. The attention of the Mamluk opened schools, mosques, and other establishments to make ...
Religion in Egypt controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. The state religion of Egypt is Islam , although estimates vary greatly in the absence of official statistics. Since the 2006 census , religion has been excluded, and thus available statistics are estimates made by religious and non-governmental agencies.