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In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. This is the principle of compound motion established by Galileo in 1638, [1] and used by him to prove the parabolic form of projectile motion.
In 2D and shooting on a horizontal plane, parabola of safety can be represented by the equation y = u 2 2 g − g x 2 2 u 2 {\displaystyle y={\frac {u^{2}}{2g}}-{\frac {gx^{2}}{2u^{2}}}} where u {\displaystyle u} is the initial speed of projectile and g {\displaystyle g} is the gravitational field.
The form factor can be used to compare the drag experienced by a projectile of interest to the drag experienced by the employed reference projectile at a given velocity (range). The problem that the actual drag curve of a projectile can significantly deviate from the fixed drag curve of any employed reference projectile systematically limits ...
A spitzer bullet (from German: Spitzgeschoss, "point bullet") is a munitions term, primarily regarding fully-powered and intermediate small-arms ammunition, describing bullets featuring a aerodynamically pointed nose shape, called a spire point, sometimes combined with a tapered base, called a boat tail (then a spitzer boat-tail bullet), in order to reduce drag and obtain a lower drag ...
Mathematically, it is given as = / where = acceleration due to gravity (app 9.81 m/s²), = initial velocity (m/s) and = angle made by the projectile with the horizontal axis. 2. Time of flight ( T {\displaystyle T} ): this is the total time taken for the projectile to fall back to the same plane from which it was projected.
Flat points also increase drag during flight to various extent, which along with the type of material and muzzle velocity, tends to affect the degree of expansion at impact. Flat-point bullets, with especially pronounced fronts of up to 90% of the overall bullet diameter, are sometimes preferred for use against large or dangerous game animals.
This technique is necessary when the target will have significantly displaced its position during the time the projectile would take to reach the target, which can become the case over very long distances (e.g. a long sniper shot), due to fast moving targets (e.g. aerial dogfight against an opposing aircraft, or anti-aircraft fire against ...
d is the total horizontal distance travelled by the projectile. v is the velocity at which the projectile is launched; g is the gravitational acceleration—usually taken to be 9.81 m/s 2 (32 f/s 2) near the Earth's surface; θ is the angle at which the projectile is launched; y 0 is the initial height of the projectile