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22 cm = 2.2 dm – diameter of a typical association football (soccer ball) 30 cm = 3 dm – typical school-use ruler length (= 300 mm) 30.48 cm = 3.048 dm – 1 foot (measure) 60 cm = 6 dm – standard depth (front to back) of a domestic kitchen worktop in Europe (= 600 mm) 90 cm = 9 dm – average length of a rapier, a fencing sword [30]
The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Richter's original "local" scale has been adapted for other localities. These may be labelled "ML", or with a lowercase "l", either Ml, or M l. [18] (Not to be confused with the Russian surface-wave MLH scale. [19]) Whether the values are comparable depends on whether the local conditions have been adequately determined and the formula suitably ...
The conversion between different SI units for one and the same physical quantity is always through a power of ten. This is why the SI (and metric systems more generally) are called decimal systems of measurement units. [10] The grouping formed by a prefix symbol attached to a unit symbol (e.g. ' km ', ' cm ') constitutes a new inseparable unit ...
It has become the standard scale used by seismological authorities like the United States Geological Survey [4] for reporting large earthquakes (typically M > 4), replacing the local magnitude (M L ) and surface-wave magnitude (M s ) scales. Subtypes of the moment magnitude scale (M ww , etc.) reflect different ways of estimating the seismic ...
SI derived units are named combinations – such as the hertz (cycles per second), newton (kg⋅m/s 2), and tesla (1 kg⋅s −2 ⋅A −1) – or a shifted scale, in the case of degrees Celsius. Certain units have been officially accepted for use with the SI. Some of these are decimalised, like the litre and electronvolt, and are considered ...
cM 20 mM: neutrinos during a supernova, 1 AU from the core (10 58 over 10 s) [18] 44.6 mM: pure ideal gas at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa [19] 10 −1: dM: 140 mM: sodium ions in blood plasma [10] 480 mM: sodium ions in seawater [20] 10 0: M: 1 M: standard state concentration for defining thermodynamic activity [21] 10 1: daM 17.5 M pure (glacial ...
The factor–label method can convert only unit quantities for which the units are in a linear relationship intersecting at 0 (ratio scale in Stevens's typology). Most conversions fit this paradigm. An example for which it cannot be used is the conversion between the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale (or the Fahrenheit scale). Between degrees ...