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Insulin lispro, marketed under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified form of medical insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [16] It is administered subcutaneously through injection or an insulin pump. [16] [17] The effects typically begin within 30 minutes and last for about 5 hours. [16]
Many insulin analogs and GLP-1 agonists for diabetes treatment are available as injector pens. [2] As with insulin vials, some insulin pens are made with higher concentrations including U-200, U-300, and U-500. Different concentration insulin products may not have the same pharmacokinetic properties as other strengths. [10]
In many people, both a rapid- or short-acting insulin product as well as an intermediate- or long-acting product are used to decrease the amount of injections per day. In some, insulin injections may be combined with other injection therapy such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Cleansing of the injection site and injection technique are required to ...
The first injection had an apparent impurity which was the likely cause for the allergic reaction he displayed. After a refined process was developed by James Collip to improve the canine pancreas extract, the second dosage was successfully delivered to the young patient 12 days after the first.
The Tandem Diabetes Care t:Slim X2 was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2019 and is the first insulin pump to be designated as an alternate controller enabled (ACE) insulin pump. ACE insulin pumps allow users to integrate continuous glucose monitors, automated insulin dosing (AID) systems, and other diabetes management ...
[9] [10] The UK NHS has also introduced a low-carbohydrate plan for diabetics and prediabetics. [ 11 ] Bernstein's focus on maintaining low blood sugar targets conflicts with mainstream guidance to maintain a higher fasting blood sugar target for insulin-dependent patients (such as Type 1 diabetics). [ 12 ]
Insulin pumps, cartridges, and infusion sets may be far more expensive than syringes used for insulin injection with several insulin pumps costing more than $6,000; necessary supplies can cost over $300. [3] Another disadvantage of insulin pump use is a higher risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis if the pump malfunctions. [3]
Normally, the pancreas produces insulin in response to high glucose levels in the body to bring the BG levels down. For type 1 diabetics, there will always be a need for insulin injections throughout their life, as the pancreatic beta cells of a type 1 diabetic are not capable of producing sufficient insulin. [32]