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Microcephalophis gracilis, also known as the graceful small-headed seasnake, slender sea snake, narrow-headed sea snake, common small-headed sea snake, is a species of sea snake found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. [1] [2] [3] It is venomous. [2] [3]
Drysdalia species are small serpents typically 50 cm (20 in) and down to 18 cm (7.1 in) in length. Cobras, mambas, and taipans are mid- to large sized snakes which can reach 2 m (6 ft 7 in) or above. The king cobra is the world's longest venomous snake with a maximum length of 5.85 m (19.2 ft) and an average mass of 6 kg (13 lb). [7]
The fangs are 1.8 mm long, which are relatively short for a snake, and the venom yield is 0.43 mg. [10] Aipysurus duboisii is a crepuscular species, meaning that it is most active at dawn and dusk. [11] It is the most venomous sea snake, and one of the top three most venomous snakes in the world. [12] [13] [14]
Reef shallows sea snake; Dubois' sea snake coastal areas of Australia Aipysurus eydouxii (Gray, 1849) Spine-tailed sea snake; Marbled sea snake; Beaded sea snake Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam and New Guinea Aipysurus foliosquama: M.A. Smith, 1926
The small-headed sea snake (Hydrophis macdowelli) is a sea snake in the family Elapidae native to waters off northern Australia. It is a unique species in having a small head in relation to its body size. It grows up to a length of 1 metre. [2]
The dorsal scales on the thickest part of the body are quadrangular or hexagonal in shape, feebly imbricate (overlapping) or juxtaposed. The ventrals are almost twice as large as the adjacent body scales. Head very small. Anterior part of body very slender, its diameter about one third the diameter of the posterior part. Rostral broader than deep.
Curiously, Emydocephalus is the only sea snake that does not possess palatal teeth. [5] Contrary to the foraging habits of other snakes, the turtle-head tends to eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than larger, infrequent prey: this sea snake feeds solely on fish eggs; specifically, the eggs of demersal fish that attach to the substrate, such as those of damselfish, blennies, and gobies.
Courtship usually involves a group of males vying for one female, which occurs in open water. At times, divers are approached by male sea snakes, possibly due to male sea snakes mistaking divers for female sea snakes. [16] Fertilization is internal and gestation lasts for about nine months. Females can give birth up to five young at a time. [11]