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Since only "he" (a non-Jewish father) is mentioned and not "she" (a non-Jewish mother), the Talmud concludes that "your (grand)son who comes from an Israelite woman is called 'your son' (and warned about in the verse), while your (grand)son who comes from a foreign woman is not called 'your son'". Thus, Jewish descent is through the mother. [29]
The matriarchs, also known as "the four mothers" (ארבע האמהות), are: [10] Sarah, the wife of Abraham; Rebekah, the wife of Isaac; Leah and Rachel, the wives of Jacob; Secondary matriarchs: Some Jewish sources list Bilhah and Zilpah (Jacob's concubines) as additional matriarchs, for a total of six matriarchs.
Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, and Leah, Judaism's Four Matriarchs; Tamar, daughter-in-law, and then levirate wife, of Judah; Tamar, daughter of David, raped by Amnon; Yoav, relative of King David, impulsive military leader; Zilpah and Bilhah, additional wives of Jacob, mothers of four of the twelve Tribes; Zipporah, Moses' wife, daughter of Jethro, a ...
According to the Hebrew Bible narrative, Jewish ancestry is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs such as Abraham, his son Isaac, Isaac's son Jacob, and the Biblical matriarchs Sarah, Rebecca, Leah, and Rachel, who lived in Canaan. The Twelve Tribes are described as descending from the twelve sons of Jacob.
Matrilineality in Judaism or matrilineal descent in Judaism is the tracing of Jewish descent through the maternal line. Close to all Jewish communities have followed matrilineal descent from at least early Tannaitic (c. 10–70 CE) times through modern times. [109] The origins and date-of-origin of matrilineal descent in Judaism are uncertain.
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In the Book of Judges, it is stated that Deborah was a prophetess, a judge of Israel and the wife of Lapidoth. [5] [6] She rendered her judgments beneath a date palm tree between Ramah in Benjamin and Bethel in the land of Ephraim.
Conservative Judaism developed in Europe and the United States in the late 1800s, as Jews reacted to the changes brought about by the Jewish Enlightenment and Jewish emancipation. In many ways, it was a reaction to what were seen as the excesses of the Reform movement .