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Maturation is a guiding notion in educational theory that argues children will develop their cognitive skills innately, with little influence from their environment. [1] Environmentalism, closely related to behaviorism , is the opposite view, that children acquire cognitive skills and behaviors from their surroundings and environment.
Environmental factors including food and nutrition, the responsiveness of parents, love, daily experiences, and physical activity can influence early brain development of children. [104] However, although it is assumed that the brain causes cognition, it is not yet possible to measure specific brain changes and show the cognitive changes they ...
Barker cited nutrition as being one of the most important intrauterine influences affecting development and that under-nutrition could permanently change the physiology and development of the child. [22] It has been shown that under-nutrition, particularly protein malnutrition, can lead to irregular brain maturation and learning disabilities. [23]
Pediatric environmental health is a specialty area of pediatrics that focuses on the influence of environmental exposures on health, development, and disease among children. The specialty focuses on exposures in early life, with particular emphasis on prenatal exposures .
Ecological systems theory is a broad term used to capture the theoretical contributions of developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. [1] Bronfenbrenner developed the foundations of the theory throughout his career, [2] published a major statement of the theory in American Psychologist, [3] articulated it in a series of propositions and hypotheses in his most cited book, The Ecology of ...
Psychologists have tended to assume that the non-genetic factor is the parental environment, the "nurture". However, Harris argues that it is a mistake to use "'nurture' ... [as] a synonym for 'environment.'" [2] Many twin studies have failed to find a strong connection between the home environment and personality. Identical twins differ to ...
Environmental enrichment affects the complexity and length of the dendrite arbors (upon which synapses form). Higher-order dendrite branch complexity is increased in enriched environments, [13] [15] as can the length, in young animals, of distal branches. [16] Environmental enrichment rescues harmful effects of stress on dendritic complexity. [17]
Regarding characteristics of the category of Phenotypic Factors, Pluess and Belsky (2009) reported that the effect of child care quality on teacher-rated socioemotional adjustment varied as a function of infant temperament in the case of 761 4.5-year-olds participating in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD Early ...