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Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair .
Decellularization of porcine heart valves is the removal of cells along with antigenic cellular elements [1] by either physical or chemical decellularization of the tissue. [2] This decellularized valve tissue provides a scaffold with the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) that can then be used for tissue engineering and valve replacement in ...
The shape of these valves do not mimic normal heart valves. Tissue heart valves are usually made from animal tissues, either animal heart valve tissue or animal pericardial tissue, commonly from the pig. The tissue is pretreated by removing antigens to prevent rejection and to prevent calcification. These valves tend to model after normal ...
The Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve is a prosthetic heart valve used in cardiac surgery to replace a damaged or diseased aortic valve. [1] It is a bioprosthetic valve, meaning it is constructed using biological tissues, specifically porcine (pig) valve tissue. [ 2 ]
Bioprosthetic artificial heart valves are generally pig or bovine-derived, but the cells are killed by glutaraldehyde treatment before insertion, [10] therefore technically not fulfilling the WHO definition of xenotransplantation of being live cells. [3]
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side. [1] [2] [3]
The first bioartificial hearts were created in 2008 using cadaveric rat hearts. [1] [2] [3] In 2014, human-sized bioartificial pig hearts were constructed. [4] Bioartificial hearts have not been developed yet for clinical use, although the recellularization of porcine hearts with human cells opens the door to xenotransplantation. [4] [5]
The human heart contains four valves: tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve. Their main purpose is to keep blood flowing in the proper direction through the heart, and from the heart into the major blood vessels connected to it (the pulmonary artery and the aorta ).