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Krum was originally a Bulgar chieftain in Pannonia. [citation needed] His background and the events around his accession as Khan of Bulgaria are unknown. [3]It has been speculated that he was a descendant of Khan Kubrat (c. 632–665) and that his rule marked the return of the Dulo clan, the first dynasty of Bulgaria.
Krum feasts with his nobles as a servant (right) brings the skull of Nikephoros I, fashioned into a drinking cup, full of wine. In early 811, Nikephoros I undertook a massive expedition against Bulgaria, advancing to Marcellae (near Karnobat). Here Krum attempted to negotiate on 11 July 811, but Nikephoros was determined to continue with his ...
Krum spent the winter preparing a major attack on Constantinople, where a rumor reported the creation of multiple artillery pieces carried on five thousand wagons. But Krum died on 13 April 814, and his son Omurtag succeeded him. The new attack on Constantinople came to nothing and Omurtag signed the Byzantine–Bulgarian treaty of 815.
Territorial expansion during the reign of Krum. During the reign of Krum (r. 803–814) Bulgaria doubled in size and expanded to the south, west and north, occupying the vast lands along the middle Danube and Transylvania, becoming European medieval great power [11] during the 9th and 10th century along with the Byzantine and Frankish Empires.
The Byzantines defeated the Bulgarian defenders and an additional Bulgarian army of 15,000 which was hastily assembled. [3] On 23 July, the Byzantines quickly entered the defenseless capital sacking the city and the surrounding countryside. [12] [13] Krum attempted once again to negotiate a peace. According to the historian Theophanes, Krum's ...
When Bulgaria converted to Christianity in the ninth century, the ruler Boris I (852–889) was using the title knyaz (prince). [3] For much of its later history under the first and second empires, Bulgaria functioned as a multi-ethnic imperial state modelled on the neighbouring Byzantine Empire, [4] which contributed to the adoption of the ...
The Bulgarian ruler Omurtag sends delegation to the Byzantine emperor. Byzantine records for the conditions of the treaty have not been preserved, but the first two of the treaty's four articles survive in the Greek-language Syuleymankyoy Inscription: [6] 1st Article, determining the border between Bulgaria and Byzantium.
The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [1]