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Time value of money problems involve the net value of cash flows at different points in time. In a typical case, the variables might be: a balance (the real or nominal value of a debt or a financial asset in terms of monetary units), a periodic rate of interest, the number of periods, and a series of cash flows. (In the case of a debt, cas
Thus the overall expression is a weighted average of time until cash flow payments, with weight being the proportion of the asset's present value due to cash flow . For a set of all-positive fixed cash flows the weighted average will fall between 0 (the minimum time), or more precisely t 1 {\displaystyle t_{1}} (the time to the first payment ...
Recall, a cost is a negative for outgoing cash flow, thus this cash flow is represented as −100,000. The company assumes the product will provide equal benefits of 10,000 for each of 12 years beginning at t = 1. For simplicity, assume the company will have no outgoing cash flows after the initial 100,000 cost.
CVP is a short run, marginal analysis: it assumes that unit variable costs and unit revenues are constant, which is appropriate for small deviations from current production and sales, and assumes a neat division between fixed costs and variable costs, though in the long run all costs are variable.
Imagine that a company has $1 million in assets and generates $100,000 in net income. Dividing $100,000 by $1 million results in an ROA of 10%.
Operating cash flow: refers to the cash received or loss because of the internal activities of a company such as the cash received from sales revenue or the cash paid to the workers. Investment cash flow: refers to the cash flow which related to the company's fixed assets such as equipment building and so on such as the cash used to buy a new ...
It is commonly represented as total assets less current liabilities (or fixed assets plus working capital requirement). [ 2 ] ROCE uses the reported (period end) capital numbers; if one instead uses the average of the opening and closing capital for the period, one obtains return on average capital employed ( ROACE ).
Liquidity ratios measure the availability of cash to pay debt. [3] Efficiency (activity) ratios measure how quickly a firm converts non-cash assets to cash assets. [4] Debt ratios measure the firm's ability to repay long-term debt. [5] Market ratios measure investor response to owning a company's stock and also the cost of issuing stock. [6]