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Improving the surrounding home and school environment with parent management training and classroom management can improve behavior and school performance of children with ADHD. [9] [10] Specialized ADHD coaches provide services and strategies to improve functioning, like time management or organizational suggestions. [11]
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.
These students need individualized behavior supports such as a Behavior Intervention Plan, to receive a free and appropriate public education. [4] Students with EBD may be eligible for an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and/or accommodations in the classroom through a 504 Plan. [4]
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An alternative is a special unit or special classroom, also called a self-contained classroom, which is a separate classroom dedicated solely to the education of students with special needs within a larger school that also provides general education. [27]
[4] [5] Prior to the DSM, terms included minimal brain damage in the 1930s. [364] ADHD, its diagnosis, and its treatment have been controversial since the 1970s. [238] [365] For example, positions differ on whether ADHD is within the normal range of behaviour, [101] [366] and to degree to which ADHD is a genetic condition. [367]
ADHD inattentive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 1–9, and score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 10–18, and a score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section.
An accommodation provides the same educational work, but in a way that accommodates their disabilities. For example, a student with limited vision may be given a large-print book. [14] This student reads the same work of literature as everyone else in the class, but the student is able to see the words on the page because of the larger type.