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Little ethnographic information is available about the Susquehannock due to their relative isolation from European settlement. It is widely assumed that their culture was similar to that of other Northern Iroquoian peoples: clan-based, matrilineal , semi-sedentary, and horticultural .
The town is a settlement at the southern end of the once vast range of the Susquehannock nation or Conestoga [2] Indian nation, which once extended from the northern reaches of Maryland to the along the southern width of southern New York State and southern Catskills where a related people, the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy held ...
The Susquehannock were granted more men, cannons, and ammunition under the conditions of the treaty, in exchange for land. The treaty was signed at a time when Maryland was under Protestant control. The Susquehannock tribe were actively opposed to any form of Protestant or Catholic evangelizing measures. [2] The treaty was renewed in 1661. [3]
Conestoga also referred to a succession of Susquehannock settlements located within Conestoga Manor. In 1763, the last of these settlements was destroyed and its inhabitants massacred by the Paxton Boys , a vigilante group of Scotch-Irish settlers from Lancaster County.
The excavations identified the presence of a substantial, fortified Susquehannock Indian village and cemetery from the Late Woodland/Protohistoric period. Settlement of the area occurred from the Late Archaic period through roughly 1650. [2] This site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. [1]
The charter of each colony assigned the territory to the colony so that overlapping land claims existed. In the 17th century, fierce resistance by the Susquehannock people repelled Anglo settlement and rendered the debate academic. But by the mid-18th century, the double grant became problematic for settlers from each colony seeking to acquire ...
The English called the Susquehannock "Conestogas," after their main settlement on the Susquehanna River. The Susquehannock were decimated by smallpox, and by long conflicts with European settlers in the Chesapeake Bay region, 1642–52, and the Iroquois to the north, 1658–62. Many of them moved or intermarried with other tribes.
The Susquehannock village appears at the far right of the map. Raids on Maryland continued intermittently until 1652. In the winter of 1652, the Susquehannock were attacked by the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), and although the attack was repulsed, it led to the Susquehannock negotiating the Articles of Peace and Friendship with Maryland. [15]