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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus in the Asfarviridae family. [1] It is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs ; some isolates can cause death of animals as quickly as a week after infection.
Other viruses utilize host cell proteins to shield viral DNA until it has reached the nucleus. Upon entry into the host cell cytoplasm, the HIV-1 capsid is recognized and bound by cyclophilin A (CypA); this affinity interaction stabilizes the capsid and prevents exposure of the HIV-1 cDNA to pattern recognition receptors in the cytoplasm.
Viruses with no viral envelope enter the cell generally through endocytosis; they “trick” the host cell to ingest the virions through the cell membrane. Cells can take in resources from the environment outside of the cell, and these mechanisms may be exploited by viruses to enter a cell in the same manner as ordinary resources.
Species African swine fever virus [1] [2] But, there may be more viruses: Abalone asfarvirus [3] [1] Dinodnavirus (Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus or hcDNAV) [1] Faustovirus [1] Kaumoebavirus [1] [4] Pacmanvirus [1] [5] Additional genomes known from environmental sampling of diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats [1]
Entry, or penetration, is the second step in viral replication. This step is characterized by the virus passing through the plasma membrane of the host cell. The most common way a virus gains entry to the host cell is by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which comes at no energy cost to the virus, only the host cell. Receptor-mediated endocytosis ...
One example is Zaire ebolavirus, responsible for the devastating ebola virus disease, which stimulates macropinosome formation upon binding to the target cell surface. [9] Vaccinia virus (VACV), a member of Poxviridae family, has also been shown to partially utilize macropinocytosis for infectious cell entry. Here, both infectious forms of VACV ...
For the virus to reproduce and thereby establish infection, it must enter cells of the host organism and use those cells' materials. To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell ...
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of ...